Preface
Note on Citations
1. Contemporary Biases
-Supreme Court Misconceptions-Academic Failings
-Conservatives Turn to Executive Power
-Careless, Erroneous Dicta
-Political Questions
-Inherent Powers
-Presidential “Unity”
2. Shaping Constitutional Principles, 1776-1870
-Framers’ Intent-Precedents from Washington to John Adams
-Unitary Executive Denied
-Jefferson’s Initiatives
-Wars Against England and Mexico
-Protecting Lives and Property
-Lincoln’s Precedents
-Suspending the Writ and the Blockade
3. Precedents from 1870 to 1935
-Immigration Policy-Spanish-American War
-Life and Property Actions
-World War I
-Teapot Dome Scandal
-President’s Removal Power
4. From 1936 to World War II
-The Issue in Curtiss-Wright-The Sole-Organ Doctrine
-Scholarly Evaluations
-Some Midcourse Judicial Adjustments
-Executive Agreements
5. World War II Cases
-Preparing for War
-Detroyers—Bases Deal
-Nazi Saboteur Case
-Treatment of Japanese Americans
6. After World War II and Korea
-C. & S. Air Lines v. Waterman Corp.-Deportation of Ellen Knauff
-The U.N. Charter
-Truman’s Initiative in Korea
-Steel Seizure Case
7. State Secrets Privilege
-Aaron Burr’s Trial-The Lincoln Spy Case
-A Lawsuit by Three Widows
-Scrutiny in the Lower Courts
-The Supreme Court Decides
-The Accident Report Becomes Public
-Continued Reliance
8. Eisenhower to Johnson
-Eisenhower’s Philosophy-Covert Actions Against Iran and Guatemala
-Area Resolutions
-Bay of Pigs and Groupthink
-Cuban Missile Crisis
-Involvement in Vietnam
-Tonkin Gulf Resolution
-Escalating the Vietnam War
9. Nixon-Ford Administrations
-National Commitments Resolution-Warrantless Domestic Surveillance
-Judicial Involvement on War Issues
-War Powers Resolution
-Publishing the Pentagon Papers
-Watergate Tapes
-Nixon’s Impoundment Actions
-Providing In Camera Inspection
10. Legislative Vetoes
-Early Precedents-Executive Reorganization Authority
-Greater Use of Committee Vetoes
-Carter’s Challenge to the Legislative Veto
-Striking Down Legislative Vetoes
-They Survive
-Carter’s Desert One
11. The Reagan-Bush I Years
-Military Actions-Gramm-Rudman Act
-Department of the Navy v. Egan
-Independent Counsels
-Iran-Contra Affair
-George H.W. Bush
12. Bill Clinton’s Presidency
-Military Initiatives-War in Kosovo
-Item-Veto Authority
-Paula Jones Case
-Trial and Investigation
-Impeachment
-Settlement and Civil Contempt
13. George W. Bush
-Statutory Authority-Military Tribunals
-Detaining U.S. Citizens
-Abu Ghraib
-Court Rulings in Hamdi and Rasul
-Military Action in Iraq
-Coalition Provisional Authority
-State Secrets Privilege
14. The Obama Administration
-State Secrets Privilege-Closing Guantanamo
-Military Intervention in Libya
-Syria and the Islamic State
-Recess Appointments
-Jerusalem Passport Case
-Immigration Initiatives
Conclusions
About the Author
Index of Cases
Index of Subjects